The Feminine Held Bound (Lesson
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Restoring the Goddess, Lesson C: The Virgin Goddess This lesson is based on a chapter from the book, Since some people might not have the book, excerpts from the chapter have been faithfully typed out by Burning Snow, a listmate and this lesson’s designer. “The Christian miracle brings together two themes associated with the worship of the Goddess in the Hellenistic world. One is death and resurrection often associated with the story of the Egyptian divinities, the Goddess Isis, her consort, Osiris, and their son, Horus.” |
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“The other theme is the Virgin Goddess. The Mother Goddess Isis rules Egypt with her brother-husband, Osiris whose generative powers enabled the land watered by the Nile to be fertile and productive. Her cult centers on the death and resurrection of her beloved spouse. This myth was recounted and celebrated every year at the summer festival when the crop was planted. Osiris is killed and Isis, weeping bitterly for her lost love, wanders the world in search of his body. When she finds his corpse, she restores it to eternal life, performing the rites of mummification for the first time. Through her charm and magical powers, the Goddess then reanimates his corpse and conceives their son, Horus. The death and resurrection of the consort/son, the Year God who must be sacrificed in order to assure the yearly cycle of renewal, was absorbed into the sacred story of Christianity. Women in the Near East had continued to mourn for Tammuz (Dumuzi) up to the time of Jesus. And ‘although there exist no Christian examples before the Middle Ages, the image of the Pietà may have been influenced by the image of Isis and the dead Osiris’ across her knees.³
“Many Goddesses were called virgin, but this did not mean that chastity was considered a virtue in the pagan world. Some, like ‘Venus, Ishtar, Astarte, and Anath, the love goddesses of the Near East and classical mythology, are entitled virgin despite their lovers, who die and rise again for them each year.’ For others, like Artemis and Athena, virginity symbolized autonomy and independence, freedom to take or reject lovers. Virgin meant one-in-herself, to be true to her own nature and instinct, not maiden inviolate.”
“The critical misinterpretation of Mary’s physical state was a translator’s error; the Hebrew word almah denoting the social and legal status of an unmarried girl, was read as the Greek parthenos that refer to a physiological and psychological fact. Parthenogenesis is the conception of a child by a female without a fertilization of male seed.
“But Christianity, by insisting on the chastity of the Mother Goddess, utterly transformed the meaning of the matriarchal image even though to all outward appearances it remained unchanged. The image of the Mother Goddess with her child represented her sexuality and procreative power, whereas that of the Virgin and child stood for her celibacy and the will of God. She was merely the agent through which he acted.
“In the fourth century, when the church fathers put together the official version of the Christian Bible, they found little place for Mary.” But early on, women felt differently. They paid homage to Mary by customary offerings to Goddess. The church aware of the similarities of Mary with Goddess, converted existing temples and shrines, adapted rituals into its own devotional calendar.
December 21 is the winter solstice, when the Sun God was born to the Goddess. Christians took this as the day for their savior god, Jesus Christ and was celebrated on December 25, a Roman holiday. The power of the Goddess was originally not denied in Christianity, she was given a new name. However, in the translation of pagan ways to Christianity, the sacredness of human sexuality was shattered. So the perfect virgin is a flawed and far from perfect model for her sex.
Her asexuality and virgin motherhood make it impossible for any woman to be virtuous, powerful and sexual at the same time. In Christianity, the power of the womb, vulva has been co-opted to serve the interests of a misogynist theology.
“This paradox is crystallized in the contrasting roles of the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene, exemplars of female piety in Christianity and the two most widely represented female figures in Christian iconography. Stereotypical symbols of the virgin and the whore, the virtuous chaste Mary and the penitent sinner Magdalene, they provide models for human behavior that severely inhibit women from experiencing themselves as fully human. Such a polarized view of women presents a double-bind for both sexes. The committed Christian is not the only victim; all in western culture are compromised by this separation of body and spirit. Traditionally the virtuous wife could not be sexual; the sexual woman could not be virtuous. Sex outside of marriage is a mortal sin, within marriage an ambiguous blessing. In addition there is a double standard by which women are held morally accountable for their sexual activity. Women’s sexuality is viewed as the cause of man’s continuing temptation. That women should be punished and suffer for the sin of sexuality has been considered God-given justice.”
“The fifteenth century was a critical period in human history, of great political and religious upheaval, a time when the modern world was being birthed. The witch hunts were an expression both of the weakening of traditional restraints and an increase in new pressures. The reasons fore this mass hysteria were complex. Neo-pagan leader Starhawk links the persecution to three interwoven processes:
1) the expropriation of land and natural resources
2) the expropriation of knowledge
3) and the war against the consciousness of immanence, which was embodied in women, sexuality and magic.”
“When we look back across the historical time of patriarchy from the burning of the witches to the slaying of Tiamat,the Goddess Mother in the Mesopotamian creation myth, there seems almost to be some terrible inevitability, a relentless desire to crush the female essence, human and divine. The question of why is among the most puzzling of our time.”
“The phenomenon of the Black Virgin confronts us with the survival of a popular heresy that has been a source of great embarrassment to the Church. Her origins are shrouded in mystery and the extent of her cult and influence has only begun to be known. Jungian Ean Begg has gathered together the extant evidence in his survey, The Cult of the Black Virgin(1985), that includes a comprehensive gazeteer of more than five hundred images mostly from Western Europe but also from Latin America. There are 302 Black Virgins in France alone. The Church has tried to explain away the blackness of these images as accidental, the result of candle smoke or exposure to the elements. But this does not make sense. If the faces and hands of the Virgin and child have been blackened by the elements, why has their polychromed clothing not been similarly discolored and why has a similar process not occurred in the case of other venerated images. Perhaps the Virgin is black because she is the Earth Goddess and the blackest earth is the richest, the most fertile. Perhaps she is black because, like the Hindu Kali, she represents the dark, the night, and death, all those mysteries that Western culture has repressed through fear of women, of female sexuality, and of dying. The cult of the Black Virgin marks the resurgence of female personification of cosmic power and the female principal in a mysogynist religious culture. The worship of the Black Virgin is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon that began in the early Middle Ages but has persisted into the present despite opposition, often militant, by the established Church.”
“The unraveling of the Black Virgin’s mysteries leads us to the underside of Christianity. Two streams of veneration of the Black Virgin can be identified. Both are viewed as heresy by the established Church:One is a continuation of the earth-and women- centered Goddess religion; the other is the carrier of the esoteric teachings and spiritual practices of the Hellenistic period. This diverse group includes the Gnostics, the Cathars, the Knights Templars, the Cult of the Holy Grail and the Church of Mary Magdalene. The cult of Mary Magdalene, which worships the Black Virgin, absorbed many of the esoteric teachings. It is linked to the Black Virgin because both continued to hold the female principal sacred and devine.” “The Black Virgins posses great power, the mana of the old goddess of life, death and rebirth. Mana is extraphysical power immanent in and emanating from nature, viewed as the embodiment of all forces that produce and maintain the order of the universe. This is why they were so threatening to the Church.”
Mary’s original history had a place for Goddess to live in Christianity. She still does today. Bringing Mary back to her rightful place will bring balance to the world. The world cries out for the Feminine. The Black Virgin, Mary Magdalene and Mary, Mother of Yeshua, are all aspects of the Feminine and Goddess.
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Please write at least one paragraph answers for each of the following questions. Submit your answers via e-mail to the
Mystery School with “RestoreGoddess Lesson C” in the subject line. Cut and paste the questions below into an email, then insert your answers.
LESSON C QUESTIONS:
Write a paragraph to answer each of the following questions:
1. Mary represents the Goddess giving birth to the Sun God. With both stories, how is the message the same? What does each story have to offer?
2. In what ways does the Black Virgin (also called the Black Madonna) symbolize Goddess?
3. Why do you think the female essence was crushed during the historical era of patriarchy?
4. If both the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene had been honored as Goddess role models and not seen as “man’s continuing temptation,” how would it have affected women throughout history ’til today? How might modern women think and behave differently?
5. Is there anything you read that called to you and “clicked”?
Restoring
the Goddess, Lesson D
: The Archetypal Mandala of the Star of David
ofdavid
Following is a look at a short article written by Margaret Starbird called, The Archetypal Mandala of the Star of David.
Questions follow the article and keep in mind that I often send your comments to Margaret Starbird. She has told me several times how much she enjoys reading our posts. I have sent her whole digests from the GoddessChristians yahoogroups list. Okay, here’s the reading selection….
“The Archetypal Mandala of the Star of David”,
By Margaret Starbird.
“The mandala of the hexagram, also known as the “Star of David” is much older than Judaism, older even than history! As an archetypal symbol for the sacred union of the opposite energies, it is the “yin-yang” of western civilization. Formed by the intertwining of the “fire” and “water” triangles (the male “blade” and the female “chalice”) this symbol represents the masculine and feminine principles in perfect union, the “sacred marriage” or “hieros gamous” of the ancient world. In India the symbol represents the “cosmic dance” of Shiva and Shakti, and the Jewish Kabbala suggests that the Ark of the Covenant contains, in addition to the tables of the Ten Commandments, “a regular hexagram representing a man and woman in intimate embrace.”
“Since ‘Sacred Union’ is the source of all life on this planet, the six-pointed star uniting the archetypal male and female triangles has long been acknowledged as the model for balance and wholeness. Medieval Alchemists called the Star the “philosopher’s stone,” adding a tiny dot on the upper right hand point to represent the presence of God and guidance of the Divine Spirit. In 1986 during a period of intense revelation and enlightenment, I was given the symbol of the six-pointed star with a dove brooding over it, wings outstretched, as a powerful sign for the New Age dawning. The star represented the entire living cosmos–“male and female,” “heaven and earth,” “spirit and matter,” “light and dark” and all living things–under the Dove of Peace, “with healing in her wings.” For years, I couldn’t really talk about this image, but finally wrote about the meaning of the Star in the final chapter of my book, The
Woman With the Alabaster Jar (Bear and Co, 1993). The Star of David appears on every page of that book as its guiding mandala, and the contents have been described by some readers as the “missing link” between Christianity and Judaism. That missing link is the “sacred marriage.”
“And now we discover that the Star of David will be weaving in and out of the heavens in the orbits of planets in our solar system over the next several weeks. As above, so below! This “gift” should be setting our hair on fire! Somewhere, somehow this blessing was set in motion at the beginning of time! And we have been given the “eyes to see!” This is an amazing “consciousness raising” event–like the birth of Miracle, the white buffalo calf or even the “Star of Bethlehem.” The sign of the Star in the Heavens is a mighty clarion call to people everywhere.”
The birth of Miracle is important as it fulfills the Native American Lakota prophecy of world peace and the coming together of the rainbow tribe of the human race. It was foretold by White Buffalo Calf Woman when she gave the tribes the pipe and how to pray. I had the honor this summer of doing a sweatlodge ceremony to pray about Miracle’s message and the donations were sent to Miracle’s keepers. A few days after this, a white dove appeared in my yard. She kept coming down to the ground, but would not let anyone too close. As many stray cats hung around, I did not want her to get caught. I walked up to the tree she was in with a ladder and asked if she wanted to come inside. I reached up into the tree and picked her up. Spirit now lives with me and I continue to pray for peace and balance. This message is crucial for the survival of this earth.
“I am spellbound when I contemplate the dates of the “conjunction” in the heavens. January 23rd–the “Birthday of the Trees” in Israel, “Nature’s birthday” or the day when living things receive their “cosmic energy” is a beautiful reminder of the “sacred union” that is the source of life on the planet. And in February, what Feast is a more obvious reminder of “sacred union” than that of St. Valentine’s Day? In the ancient world, the work of the Holy Spirit was known as “the net”–reflecting the belief that everything is interwoven and intermeshed. The “synchronicity” of the Star rising in New York and Jerusalem at the same instant on the 23rd of January–at the FULL MOON–is too incredible for words. The first full moon of the new millennium is a lunar eclipse. It is on Jan. 20 around 11 pm eastern. An excellent time for praying for peace and balance.
“The message of the Star of David in the heavens is undoubtedly “peace on earth.” But it is more than that. It is a reminder that we are not alone–that we are part of a whole and that the Living Force of the Cosmos is with us. Equality, mutuality, community and wisdom are all summed up in this beautiful mandala whose ultimate archetypal meaning is “harmony in diversity.” Its rising now to bless and enlighten us is truly a gift for all peoples!”
LESSON D QUESTIONS
Please write at least one paragraph answers for each of the following questions. Submit your answers via e-mail to the
Mystery School with “RestoreGoddess Lesson D” in the subject line. Cut and paste the questions below into an email, then insert your answers.
1. As one part of the hexagram symbol is incomplete without the other and the joining of male and female principals is wholeness, how can the message of the star of David be used in your life?
2. An archetype contains all the energies and thoughts from the beginning of time. If you meditate on an archetype, you can “plug” into it and “download” information. Try meditating upon the Star of David and see what messages come to you.
3. The birth of Miracle, the white buffalo calf, fulfills a prophecy of peace and the rainbow tribe of red, black, yellow and white humans being one race. The message of the Star of David is “harmony in diversity”. How can we as humans truly accept the belief of diversity, when so many shun those who are different or have different beliefs? How do we truly live as diverse human beings and get rid of “the one true way” thought that has destroyed the balance of the hexagram?
4. “In the ancient world, the work of the Holy Spirit was known as ‘the net’, reflecting the belief that everything is interwoven and intermeshed.” What are some examples of things being interwoven with each other?
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The above Margaret Starbird article (and some others by her) can be found online at The
Archetypal Mandala of the Star of David.
Restoring the Goddess, Lesson
E: Sophia
In the beginning was Sophia, and Sophia was with God, united with the Logos.
Sophia was in the beginning with God.
All things were made through the Logos and Sophia
And nothing that was made was made without the Logos and Sophia.
Sophia is Wisdom,
And Wisdom is the light of creation.
The light shines in the heavens
and the angels radiate it forth.
DIVINE WISDOM
She will come out to meet him like a mother;
She will receive him like a young bride.
For food she will give him the bread of understanding
and for drink the water of wisdom.
(
Sirach
/ Ecclus. 15:2-3)
In the Old Testament book of Proverbs and the apocryphal (extra-Biblical) book of Wisdom
of Solomon, Wisdom is personified as a female figure, one who was created before time, who works to create the world and who counsels God, sharing the throne as God’s beloved. Because of Her role in creation, She mediates between God and humanity, coming from God and leading those who heed Her advice back to Him.
Wisdom is our Mother and Teacher, as well as the Bride of God. As one Hebrew writer puts it, “Like a fine mist she rises from the power of God, a clear effluence from the glory of the Almighty…She is the radiance that streams from everlasting light, the flawless mirror of the active power of God, and the image of his goodness (
Wisd.
7:25-26). She is one with God, yet, at the same time, exists as a separate being, as a divinity in Her own right.
She calls out to us at all times and from all places, bringing us all into intimacy with our Divine Creator, Her Heavenly Spouse. She speaks directly and forcefully, asking us to give up our simplicity and complacency in spiritual matters so that we might be “filled with the spirit” and showered with Her riches, which are “more beautiful than the sun” and “better even than fine gold.”
While the importance of the Divine Sophia, Woman Wisdom, has long been obscured by the sexist theologians and priests of the patriarchal Church, there is currently a resurgence of interest in this mysterious figure. More and more thoughtful Christians and Jews are working to return Sophia to Her rightful place in the lives of all faithful people. For too long, the exoteric Church has failed to heed Her call to renewal. Perhaps, as we enter the new millennium, Wisdom’s voice will finally ring out over the din of self-righteous God-talk and political posturing that so characterize our troubled age. Perhaps, it is the Second Coming of Sophia that will help to heal the wounds inflicted on our souls, bodies, and on our planet Earth by patriarchy.
Visit our Sophia page.
For a Christian feminist take on Sophia, please go here, read the article, and then answer the following questions.
Questions. Please Send your answers to the Mystery School with
Restore E from ________ (your magikal or clergy name) in the subject line.
1. In which books of the Hebrew Scriptures and the apocrypha does Sophia appear?
2. T/F Wisdom theology is inspired by a positive attempt to integrate elements of the cult of Ashera into Jewish monotheism.
3. Why, according to Elizabeth Schussler Fiorenza, did Wisdom literature come into being?
4. Sophia bridges the gap between feminist spirituality’s need for _____ images and the demand of the biblical traditions that such images be congruent with their _____ and ______.
5. How can the image of Sophia bring power to women if they incorporate her symbolism into their lives?
6. Name the variety of models Sophia presents which women can claim for their own growth.
7. Personified Wisdom describes herself as God’s ____ ____ who played an intermediate role in the creation of things.
8. What is the name of the sacred set of Hebrew Scriptures with which Sophia is identified?
9. ESSAY (from the web site)
What would it be like for women (and men) to begin to emulate Sophia, finding aspects of themselves that are worthy of praise, and glorifying what they find in one another?
10. ESSAY
Think about the qualities of Sophia described on this page and in the article. Can you think of any ways in which Sophia is like Mary, the Mother of Yeshua and/or Mary Magdalene?
YOUR IDEAS WANTED: If anyone has suggestions for
reading material for a possible Lesson F—the topic must somehow
relate to restoring the Goddess to Western thought —please email
the Mystery School. Tell us a good article or book chapter to
base the next lesson on.
Initiate Stephen Andrew of our Order of the Divine Mother suggests two wonderful books: The
Most Holy Trinosophia and the New Revelation of the Divine Feminine by Robert A. Powell, which makes the case that just as there is a “male” trinity, there is also a female, the “Mother-Daughter-Holy Soul.” The author uses the Star of David, a la Margaret Starbird, to illustrate the inter-connectedness of these male and female triads. Another book is Sophia-Maria
A Holistic Vision of Creation by Thomas Schipflinger, which asserts that the Virgin Mary was the physical manifestation of Sophia just as Yeshua was the manifestation of the Logos. This book does a superb job of exegeting the Hebrew Wisdom literature and of linking it with Mary as she is depicted in the Gospels, Acts and some of the Gnostic sources.